As Syria marks ten years of war, this report explores the widespread and devastating impact that a decade of systematic attacks on health facilities has had on Syrian civilians, and the crippling effect the decimation of the country’s health care system has had on its ability to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Lessons from the IRC’s experience shifting first from in-kind to cash and from physical cash to digital cash; enabling factors and barriers to working with digital payment providers, including mobile money.

A rapidly urbanizing world presents both challenges and opportunities for humanitarian aid approaches. Urban areas often have a greater density of people and diversity of affected populations, stronger civil society, and more developed and complex governance structures, service delivery systems, and market systems. These factors heighten the importance of coordination and collaboration.

This paper looks at strategies aimed at improving responsiveness and accountability in service delivery by supporting service users to act collectively to influence key decisions, monitor service quality and demand better services.

Rather than measure success by outputs that result from activities, the IRC is invested in interventions proven to be effective based on our research and experience.