Lebanon is in the grip of the rapidly escalating violence in the Middle East. In the wake of military escalations across much of the Middle East, hostilities between Hezbollah and Israel escalated dramatically on March 1st.

Civilians will bear the brunt of this escalation. Nearly 1.3 million people across Lebanon, including over 390,000 children have been displaced, and the situation on the ground is evolving each day. 

The International Rescue Committee (IRC) welcomes the announcement of a 10-day ceasefire between Israel and Lebanon, a critical and long-overdue reprieve for civilians who have endured weeks of unrelenting violence. 

The IRC has been delivering critical humanitarian services in Lebanon since 2012, and is responding to the latest escalation in violence. 

Here’s what you need to know about Lebanon—and how you can help.

What is happening in Lebanon?

Airstrikes have targeted southern Lebanon, the Bekaa Valley and the Beirut-Mount Lebanon region. Evacuation orders have been issued for over 100 villages, prompting nearly 1.3 million people to flee with little warning. As of April 15th, more than 2,100 people have been killed and over 6,900 have been injured, according to the Lebanese authorities. 

This latest outbreak of violence marks the most serious deterioration in security conditions since the November 2024 ceasefire agreement, and it is pushing an overwhelmed humanitarian system to the breaking point. 

Hundreds of schools and public buildings have been converted into emergency shelters, while families are sleeping in cars along roadsides or crowding into small apartments with relatives. Among those newly displaced are Syrian and Palestinian refugees who had already fled conflict once and rebuilt fragile lives in Lebanon, only to now be forced to flee again.

A new IRC study, based on input from caregivers of children living in collective shelters, reveals how repeated cycles of conflict and displacement are reshaping children’s emotional well-being, behavior and development.

“For many children, this is not just about displacement, it’s also about losing their sense of safety, routine and hope,” says IRC Protection Coordinator in Lebanon, Taghrid Abdullah. “Families are living in crowded classrooms with little to no privacy. Mothers talk about how their children cannot sleep, study or simply be children.”

Displaced families camp out on the streets of Beirut, Lebanon.
Families have fled their homes and are sleeping outside or in their cars, with official shelters rapidly reaching capacity. A displaced mother told the IRC, “I am struggling to find milk for my newborn. I am doing everything possible to keep her warm and protected”.
Photo: Dalia Al Mokdad for the IRC

10-day ceasefire announced

On April 16, a ten-day ceasefire was announced between Israel and Lebanon. This ceasefire must be used as a vital opportunity to protect civilians, ensure sustained humanitarian access, and lay the foundations for a lasting and durable peace. 

“What is needed now is an urgent scale-up of humanitarian assistance, unfettered humanitarian access and a pathway to a permanent cessation of hostilities,” warns IRC President and CEO, David Miliband.

“Anything less risks condemning civilians to renewed violence, and protracted and repeated displacement.” 

All parties must now demonstrate restraint and commit to a political pathway that prevents further loss of life and addresses the root causes of the conflict.

Closure of the Strait of Hormuz cuts off vital humanitarian aid

The IRC has warned that the closure of the Strait of Hormuz and airspace closures across parts of the Middle East are severely affecting global humanitarian supply chains. These closures are threatening the timely delivery of life-saving aid to crisis-affected communities in Lebanon and around the world. 

As an example, approximately $130,000 worth of essential pharmaceutical supplies intended for IRC’s humanitarian response in Sudan are currently stranded in Dubai, delaying their delivery to communities in urgent need.

The war in Iran has unleashed a triple emergency: a surge in humanitarian need, a global economic shock, and a system already stretched to breaking point by more than 60 simultaneous conflicts. 

The IRC calls on the international community to take immediate action to establish a sustained humanitarian corridor through the Strait of Hormuz to ensure the uninterrupted delivery of aid to vulnerable populations.

The IRC calls on all parties to safeguard humanitarian access across affected airspace and maritime routes, and for governments to provide flexible, predictable funding to ensure aid organizations can respond to rising costs without cutting life-saving programs.

Latest violence deepens an existing crisis in Lebanon

Lebanese families have endured a multi-year, compounded crisis that landed the country on the IRC’s 2026 Emergency Watchlist—an analysis of the countries most likely to experience a deteriorating humanitarian crisis. An economic collapse, destruction of public infrastructure and the fallout from violence between Israel and Hezbollah have left Lebanon extremely vulnerable, especially as the country hosts the highest number of refugees per capita in the world while international support wanes.

The latest escalation between Hezbollah and Israel is deepening the crisis in Lebanon.

Economic collapse

Lebanon is facing one of the worst economic collapses in modern history. The Lebanese lira lost over 98% of its value between 2023 and early 2024, triggering hyperinflation and wiping out the savings of ordinary families. 

Today, approximately 80% of the population lives in poverty, lacking reliable access to healthcare, electricity and education. According to IRC protection monitoring conducted in December 2025, 81% of households facing eviction threats had already taken on debt just to cover basic costs—before this latest escalation.

Public infrastructure and services can’t meet needs

Prior to the latest escalation of war in the Middle East, an estimated 4.1 million people in Lebanon urgently needed humanitarian support. Israeli operations in late 2024 damaged 67 hospitals and forced over 150 health facilities to close, cutting off access to healthcare and critical support services for thousands. 

Families climb a rocky path as they flee violence in Lebanon.
Families flee their homes with little more than they can carry, following Israeli strikes on Lebanon in 2024.
Photo: Murat Sengul/Anadolu via Getty Images

Lebanon’s refugee community faces displacement—again

Lebanon hosts approximately 1.1 million Syrian refugees and 250,000 Palestinian refugees, the highest number of refugees per capita in the world. Most live in extreme poverty and legal insecurity. Many of these refugees, who have already fled conflict and rebuilt their lives in Lebanon, are among the newly displaced in this latest escalation. 

As of April 16th, over 200,000 people crossed from Lebanon into Syria following the latest escalation of violence.

A young displaced refugee, pictured on the street of Beirut, Lebanon.
Syrian refugees in Lebanon are among the country’s most vulnerable.
Photo: Murat Sengul/Anadolu via Getty Images

Funding shortfalls persist, despite immense need

Even before this escalation in violence, Lebanon’s humanitarian response was catastrophically underfunded. Last year’s Humanitarian Response Plan received only a third of the funding it required. 

More than 4.1 million people—over 70% of Lebanon’s population—were already in need of humanitarian assistance before the March 2026 attacks on the country.

The war in Iran is now estimated to cost around $2 billion per day. Yet for just about $90, we can diagnose and treat a child suffering from acute malnutrition with a simple, highly effective treatment. At that cost, two days of war spending—specifically $4 billion—could have treated every one of the 43 million children suffering from acute malnutrition worldwide.

The IRC is also warning of a growing food security crisis driven by the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz, which facilitates an estimated 30% of global fertilizer trade. Critical planting decisions in East Africa and South Asia must be made within weeks. Delays now will begin to surface as rising hunger by June. The IRC President David Miliband, visiting the IRC's Lebanon response, called for an immediate ceasefire and for parties to safeguard humanitarian access across affected shipping and air routes.

Humanitarian organizations urgently need flexible funding to scale up emergency response efforts, expand health and protection services, and provide basic relief items to families who fled with little or nothing.

How is the IRC responding in Lebanon?

The International Rescue Committee has been working in Lebanon since 2012 and reached more than 180,000 people across the country in 2025 with health, education, protection and livelihood services. 

Despite the volatile security situation, the IRC and its partners are mobilizing to respond to the urgent needs of displaced families and continuing our critical work. We focus on ensuring people can access essential health services, mental health support, and protection services—with particular attention to children, women and survivors of violence.

Over the next three months, we aim to reach:

A nurse gives a vaccine to a young girl in Lebanon.
Fatima receives a vaccine at an IRC-supported health clinic in Lebanon in September 2025.
Photo: Iuna Vieira for the IRC

Our work across the Middle East

The IRC is closely monitoring the situation across the Middle East to understand the trajectory of displacement and humanitarian needs. Elsewhere across the region, including Syria, Yemen, Jordan, Iraq and the occupied Palestinian territory, our teams continue to deliver critical assistance while prioritizing the safety of staff and the communities we serve.

How can I help people in Lebanon?

The IRC is on the ground in Lebanon delivering emergency health services, protection and relief items to displaced families. Your donation helps us reach more people in this critical moment.

You can also share this article and information on the IRC’s emergency response with your network. Raising awareness about the Lebanon crisis helps build the public pressure and donor support that families urgently need.

More from the IRC

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