South Sudan ranks third on the IRC’s 2024 Emergency Watchlist

  • The continued arrival of refugees fleeing conflict in Sudan is exacerbating needs in border regions.
  • A fifth consecutive year of flooding is predicted to impact South Sudan, fueling displacement and destroying livelihoods.
  • A weakening economy will exacerbate the country’s ongoing food insecurity crisis.
  • While needs grow, humanitarian access in South Sudan remains constrained.
Learn more about the crisis in South Sudan.

Country facts

  • People in need of humanitarian support: 9 million
  • People facing crisis levels of food insecurity or worse: 5.8 million+
  • Rank in Human Development Index: 191 of 191

IRC response

  • Started work in southern Sudan: 1989
  • People assisted: 1.1 million in 2019

Crisis briefing

The region of southern Sudan had spent decades in the grip of ongoing conflict before South Sudan gained independence in 2011. The IRC provides lifesaving assistance and humanitarian aid to vulnerable South Sudanese communities.

What caused the current crisis in South Sudan?

After decades of civil war, southern Sudan seceded from Sudan in 2011. The new country, South Sudan, enjoyed two years of fragile peace before political rivalry erupted once again into open conflict in 2013, leaving an estimated 380,000 dead and 2 million displaced. 2.2 million people were forced to flee to neighboring countries.

A peace deal signed in October 2018 remains fragile and even if it holds, localized conflict will continue. Political tensions remain high as the country approaches its first-ever political elections, scheduled for December 2024.

Years of flooding and the continued arrival of refugees fleeing the ongoing conflict in Sudan are exacerbating humanitarian needs in the country. The price of food in border regions has increased by 30% and the Sudanese pound has rapidly devalued. Consequently, 7.1 million people are projected to experience crisis or worse levels of food insecurity in 2024.

What are the main humanitarian challenges in South Sudan?

Humanitarian needs in South Sudan are immense, with 9 million people, or 72% of the population, in need of assistance.

A severe economic downturn and an overstrained healthcare system have contributed to rising levels of malnutrition. 7.1 million people in South Sudan are projected to face crisis, or worse, levels of food insecurity. As the country approaches its first elections, 2.3 million people remain internally displaced, with another year of flooding set to exacerbate conditions.

Women and girls, in particular, are affected by the crisis in South Sudan, with many facing violence, abuse and exploitation daily.

Severe constraints on humanitarian access complicate the crisis, with bureaucratic requirements and instability routinely impeding humanitarian operations in the country.

How does the IRC help in South Sudan?

The IRC’s mission is to help people whose lives and livelihoods are shattered by conflict and disaster to survive, recover and gain control of their future.

The IRC has been one of the largest providers of aid in southern Sudan for 35 years, offering emergency assistance throughout decades of war and supporting vulnerable populations in hard-to-reach areas. With more than 900 full-time staff in South Sudan, the IRC provides critical primary and reproductive health, nutrition, environmental health, protection, and economic recovery and resilience services to increasingly vulnerable internally displaced people, refugees, returnees and host communities. 

The IRC in South Sudan partners with national and state authorities and local partners to strengthen health systems and support displaced populations to obtain durable solutions.

The IRC is focusing our efforts in the Central Equatoria, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Unity and Lakes states by:

  • expanding the capacity of state clinics and training local health workers to provide basic and reproductive health care;
  • providing medical, psychosocial and legal support to survivors of sexual violence;
  • training community leaders and government officials on the importance of upholding human rights;
  • providing nutrition services and restoring wells and providing sanitation services to prevent the spread of disease;
  • providing returning South Sudanese refugees with emergency aid as well as job and livelihoods training.